Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov: Forerunner, co-founder and Inspector-General of the Red Cross

Inge  Hendriks; Dmitrii  Zhuravlev; James Bovill; Eddy Houwaart; Fredrik  Boer; Pancras Hogendoorn

doi:10.21638/spbu11.2020.107

Authors

Inge Hendriks Leiden University Medical Centre, Postzone H-01-46, PO Box 9600 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
Dmitrii Zhuravlev Military Medical Museum, 2, Lazeretniy pr., St. Petersburg, 191180, Russian Federation
James Bovill Leiden University Medical Centre, Postzone H-01-46, PO Box 9600 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
Eddy Houwaart University of Maastricht, Peter Debyeplein 1, Postbus 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
Fredrik Boer Leiden University Medical Centre, Postzone H-01-46, PO Box 9600 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
Pancras Hogendoorn Leiden University Medical Centre, Postzone H-01-46, PO Box 9600 RC Leiden, the Netherlands

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2020.107

Abstract

Surgeon Nikolay I. Pirogov and Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna Romanova, née Württemberg, contributed substantially to the emergence of neutral organised care to soldiers during times of war and victims of epidemics. They closely cooperated in organising and training women as nurses to care for the wounded at the battlefront during the Crimean war. Russia became the first country to send trained nurses to the Crimea. They became a model for other women to train as nurses by the Red Cross. Their expertise was precious during the famine and cholera epidemics. During the Crimean war, Pirogov pleaded for the establishment of an international treaty to oversee the provision of medical help, including civilian volunteers, to both civilian and military victims of war, regardless of rank or nationality. Pirogov was a founder and Privy Councillor of the Russian Red Cross. Internationally he acted as Inspector-General for the
Red Cross to report on the medical care in the Franco-German and Russian-Turkish War.

Keywords:

Pirogov, triage, warfare, humanism, red cross, Russia (pre-1917)

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