The development of Russian Medicine in the Petrine era and the role of Dutch doctors in this process

Inge F. Hendriks; James G. Bovill; Dmitrii A. Zhuravlev; Ivan V. Gaivoronskii; Fredrik Boer; Pancras C. W. Hogendoorn

doi:10.21638/spbu11.2019.208

Authors

Inge F. Hendriks Leiden University Medical Centre, Postzone H-01-46, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
James G. Bovill Leiden University Medical Centre, Postzone H-01-46, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
Dmitrii A. Zhuravlev Military Medical Museum, 2, Lazeretniy per., St. Petersburg, 191180, Russian Federation
Ivan V. Gaivoronskii Military Medical Academy S. M. Kirov, 6, ul. Akademika Lebedeva, St. Petersburg, 194044, Russian Federation
Fredrik Boer Leiden University Medical Centre, Postzone H-01-46, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
Pancras C. W. Hogendoorn Leiden University Medical Centre, Postzone H-01-46, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2019.208

Abstract

During the reign of Peter the Great and his successors most significant achievements in the field of public health in Russia took place. In order to train domestic doctors, especially for the army and navy, Peter I organized the training of the best representatives of Russia at the leading medical universities in Europe, and especially at the University of Leiden. He also created the first medical surgical schools in Moscow and St. Petersburg. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, close ties in the field of medicine between Russia and the Netherlands were established. A significant number of doctors, graduates of the Leiden University practiced in Russia and held very high positions in Russian medical services. This contributed to the advancement of advanced European technologies in the provision of medical services and medical education in Russia. Therefore the role of Dutch doctors in the development of Russian medicine in the Petrine era is extremely significant. Under their leadership, the first hospitals and medical schools were established, the first textbooks were developed in Russian and scientific research was conducted. The Academy of Sciences created by Peter the Great was the centre of scientific achievements of Imperial Russia.

Keywords:

history, medicine, Peter the Great, Bidloo, Boerhaave, Holland, pre–1917 Russia

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