The risk to the health of the population exposed to the influence of the road-car complex

Alexander V. Levanchuk; Olga I. Kopytenkova

doi:10.21638/11701/spbu10.2019.108

Authors

Alexander V. Levanchuk Northwestern State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Russian Federation Ministry of Healthcare, 47, Piskarevsky prosp., St. Petersburg, 195067, Russian Federation
Olga I. Kopytenkova St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2019.108

Abstract

Growth of vehicle-to-population ratio is accompanied by environmental pollutants growth.This paper deals with health risk indicators of gaseous and dust components in environment result from vehicles operation. A quantitative assessment of road-cars operation impact at different levels of air pollution. is provided. Value of public health risk indicator at different values of air pollution caused by road-cars operation was determined. Dependence of public health risk on distance from the roads with different traffic intensity was determined. Growth of vehicle-to-population ratio resulted in high level of air pollution formation in megalopolises, caused by fuel combustion; road surface destruction and accumulation of braking system and tires wastes. Solid particles in atmospheric air samples by 70 % consists of aluminosilicates, which provide fibrogenic effect, contains heavy metal and substances with a pronounced carcinogenic effect (Benz-(a)-pyrene, dibenz-(a, h)-anthracene, Benz-(B)-fluoranthene and chrysene). It was shown that non-carcinogenic risk caused by vehicle emissions in case of traffic intensity constituting 2500–3000 cars per hour for population up to 30 years old was determined as negligible; up to 40 years — as moderate, at the age of 50 years — as high and for the age over 53 years as very high. Respiratory and cardiovascular systems were determined as the most susceptive. Dependence of the risk level on distance from the road is determined.

Keywords:

risk assessment, road transport, air pollution, public health, life expectancy

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

References

Risk Assessment Forum. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Guidelines for Exposure Assessment.Washington, DC, 1992, pр. 178–233.

Rakhmanin Yu. A., Novikov S. M., Shashina T. A. Modern trends in risk assessment methodology.Gigiena i sanitariia, Moscow, 2007, pp. 3–8.(In Russian)

Methodical recommendations of Mr 2.1.10.0062–12 Quantitative assessment of non-carcinogenic risk under the influence of chemicals based on the construction of evolutionary models. Federal’naiasluzhba po nadzoru v sfere zashchity prav potrebitelei i blagopoluchiia cheloveka 2012. Moscow, 2012.36 p. (In Russian)

Methodical recommendations of Mr 2.1.10.0059–12 Assessment of public health risk from exposure to transport noise. Federal’naia sluzhba po nadzoru v sferezashchity prav potrebitelei i blagopoluchiia cheloveka. Moscow, 2011. 40 p. (In Russian)

GOST R ISO 5725–2002 Accuracy (correctness) of methods and measurements. Moscow, IPK Izdatel’stvo standartov, 2002. 21 p. (In Russian)

Kadisa R. L., Nezhihovskogo G. R., Simina V. B., Konopel’ko L. A. Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurements. EVRAHIM/SITAK. St. Petersburg, 2002. 141 p. (In Russian)

Kopytenkova O. I., Levanchuk A. V., Mingulova I. R. Hygienic characteristic of chemical pollution of the environment in the use of transport-road complex. Profilakticheskaia i klinicheskaia meditsina.2012, no. 3, pp. 87–92. (In Russian)

Polichetti G., Cocco S., Spinali A., Trimarco V., Nunziata A. Effects of particulate matter (PM 10,PM 2.5 and PM 1) on the cardiovascular system. Toxicology, 2009, vol. 261, no. 1–2, pp. 1–8.

Künzli N., Kaiser R., Medina S., Studnicka M., Chanel O. Public-health impact of outdoor and trafficrelatedair pollution: a European assessment. The Lancet, 2000, vol. 356, no. 9232, pp. 795–801.

Wang W., Yu T., Ciren P., Jiang P. Assessment of human health impact from PM 10 exposure in China based on satellite observations. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 2015, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 151–159.

Berico M., Luciani A., Formignani M. Atmospheric aerosol in an urban area — measurements of TSP and PM 10 standards and pulmonary deposition assessments. Atmospheric Environment, 1997, vol. 31, no. 21, pp. 3659–3665.

Zhang X.-X., Chen X., Wang Z.-F., Guo Y.-H., Li J., Chen H.-S., Yang W.-Y., Sharratt B., Liu L.-Y. Dust deposition and ambient PM 10 concentration in Northwest China: spatial and temporal variability. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2017, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1699–1711.

Soriano A., Pallarés S., Vicente A. B., Sanfeliu T., Jordán M. M. Assessment of the main sources of PM 10 in an industrialized area situated in a Mediterranean Basin. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2011,vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 2379–2390.

Bernardoni V., Vecchi R., Valli G., Piazzalunga A., Fermo P. PM 10 Source apportionment in Milan (Italy) using time-resolved data. The Science of the Total Environment, 2011, vol. 409, no. 22, pp. 4788–4795.

Lim J.-M., Moon J.-H., Chung Y.-S., Lee J.-H., Kim K.-H. Airborne PM 10 and metals from multifarious sources in an industrial complex area. Atmospheric Research, 2010, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 53–64.

Strelyaeva A. B., Barikaeva N. S., Kalyuzhina E. A., Nikolenko D. A. The analysis of the sources of atmospheric air pollution by fine dust. Internet-vestnik VolgGASU. Seriia: Politematicheskaia, 2014, no. 3 (34). Available at: http://vestnik.vgasu.ru/?source=4&articleno=1715] (accessed:17.07.2017). (In Russian)

Maj I. V., Zagorodnov S. Yu., Maks A. A., Zagorodnov M. Yu. Assessment of potential air pollution by fine particles in the area of machine-building enterprise location. Vestnik Permskogo natsional’nogoissledovatel’skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Urbanistika, 2012, no. 2, pp. 109–118. (In Russian)

Strelyaeva A. B., Lavrent’eva L. M., Lupinogin V. V., Gvozdkov I. A. Investigation of pollution in the residential area located near the industrial enterprise by RM 10 and RM 2.5 particles. Inzhenernyi Vestnik Dona, 2017, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 154–156. (In Russian)

Prosviryakova I. A. Methodological approaches to estimation of fine particles in atmospheric air.Zdorov’e i okruzhaiushchaia sreda, 2015, vol. 25, pp. 85–87. (In Russian)

Mironenko O. V., Kopytenkova O. I., Levanchuk A. V., Magomedov H. K. Hygienic evaluation of the effect of methane coming out of the body of the polygon for storage of sewage sludge, on the conditionof the air basin. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicina, 2018, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 316–324.